Performance simulation of lead-free perovskite solar cells

The soar cell simulation software SCAPS was used to simulate a Sn-based perovskite solar cell with a design structure of Glass substrate/FTO/ZnO/ CH
3
NH
3
SnI
3
/Cu
2
O/Au. The effects of absorber layer thickness and defect density, as well as the acceptor concentration on the solar cell performance were investigated. From the simulation results, it is known that reducing the defect density of the absorber layer and improving the stability of Sn
²⁺
are key issues for future research. When the thickness of CH
3
NH
3
SnI
3
is 500 nm and the defect state is 1×10
¹⁴
cm°, the cell performance is further improved and the optimised cell output characteristics are Voc = 0.917V, Jsc = 33.148 mA cm
^-2
, FF = 80.02% and PCE = 23.93%.