Spreading Loss Model for Channel Characterization of Future 6G Terahertz Communication Networks

The global bandwidth deficiency facing wireless network has motivated the scrutinization of the underdeveloped Terahertz (THz) frequency (275 GHz to 3 THz) spectrum for future wireless communication networks. Latest millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is even incapable of delivering exalted data rates with massive bandwidth for sixth generation (6G) communication. The significant path loss is one of the key obstacles to THz wireless communication being accomplished. Terahertz communication has insanely high molecular absorptions as well as molecular noise created by water vapor in response to attenuation of electromagnetic radiation with incredibly high propagation path loss. Communication in the terahertz band undergoes significant spreading, reflection, and scattering losses in additional to molecular losses. However, the strong resources and minimal attenuation managed to achieve by leveraging a high directional antenna paves the way to a promising future applications. In this paper, we investigate and simulate the variation of refractive index at different atmospheric conditions and spreading attenuation characteristics of terahertz link. We also show different propagation losses occur in THz communication. To address this issue, this article presents attenuation profiles for spreading as well as their relevant propagation loss characteristics and comparison with other technologies. Therefore, assisting in the construction of THz channel models and thereby opening a new door for 6G wireless communication.