Positive vs. Negative Pulsed Nanosecond air Plasma in Contact With Water

Plasma in-contact with liquids is considered as highly promising research field, as it has high potential in numerous applications, including material synthesis, water treatment, and medicine. Highly reactive species (ions, electrons, radicals, photons, etc.) produced in plasmas are transported toward the liquid phase across a highly dynamic (plasma-liquid) interface. Identify, control, and optimize the transport of reactive species (of interest for a given application) toward the liquid phase is one of current research challenges.