A Thermal Simulation and Prevention Control Framework for Lithium-ion Batteries

The operation of a lithium-ion battery consists of working at a certain constant power output (charging or discharging) for a certain period of time, and then switching to another one in the next period, and so forth, in which the thermal management matters. This paper proposes a battery thermal prevention control framework based on thermal simulations, which can ensure that the battery temperature does not exceed the limit. The framework contains an electro-thermal battery model and an optimization model for prevention control. The first model can predict the temperature dynamics of the battery pack. It consists of two models, the heat generation model of a cell, and the resistance-capacitance (RC) model to describe the heat transfer in a battery pack. Based on the electro-thermal model, we add thermal constraints and the minimized power deviation as the objective function to build the optimization model. The thermal prevention control plan can be derived by solving it, which can avoid too high temperature. This framework has a small amount of computation and can be easily extended to a battery pack case under non-periodic square wave commands.