A Dual-band Dual Mode Antenna for On/Off-Body Communications

This paper presents a dual mode antenna for on and off body wireless communication in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The proposed design resonates in ISM band at two different frequencies i.e., 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The radiation pattern of the antenna is omnidirectional at the lower frequency band and directional at the higher frequency band. The influence of the human tissues on the performance of the antenna such as S
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and the bandwidth of the antenna is minimized by creating a large ground plane on the second layer of the substrate. The overall size of the antenna is
$44\text{mm}\times 44\text{mm}\times 1.6\text{mm}$
. To investigate the effect of the antenna on the human body, tissue layers have been utilized at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The results show that the proposed antenna is stable under the proximity of human tissues and it features a perfect candidate for on and off-body communication.