Wideband Low-Profile Patch Antennas Using High-Dielectric Fluids and Hybrid Metal Structure

A novel liquid patch with hybrid metal structures has been presented to address the fundamental performance limitation of microstrip patch antenna in terms of bandwidth versus antenna thickness and size. Our proposed design example has realized over 33% impedance bandwidth with only
$0.06\ \lambda_{0}$
antenna height through a multi-mode integration and improved impedance matching method. This work has shown state-of-the-art performance for wideband low-profile patch antennas, demonstrating significant advantages brought by the new type of antenna design using hybrid liquid dielectric and/or metal structures.