Vector Parabolic Equation Modeling of sub-6 GHz 5G Propagation in Tunnels

The Vector Parabolic Equation (VPE) method is an established numerical technique that can accurately and efficiently model wave propagation in tunnels of arbitrary cross-section. Hence, VPE is a natural choice for evaluating various emerging 5G communication systems in tunnels and mines. This paper presents VPE simulation results on the propagation characteristics in tunnels of rectangular and arched cross-sections at sub-6 GHz 5G frequencies. We use these results to estimate path loss exponents and break-points, showing the feasibility of in-tunnel communication systems at these frequencies.