A Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Wave Radiation Exposure Minimization Method in 5G Network: A Perspective of QoS Trade Offs

Radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiation exposure to human, most especially the mobile device users has been a serious concern in wireless network. Therefore there is a need to address and afterwards increase the health awareness regarding the radiation exposure of wireless networks to the public. This paper investigates the effect of minimizing the exposure index (EI) and specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks and its impact on the quality of service (QoS) of the users in the network. With the aim of minimizing the EI on mobile user, we propose a power control algorithm that solves an optimization problem formulated to minimize the EI while guaranteeing the QoS requirement of users. Given that the radiated SAR and EI are characterized by power density in the wireless network, the proposed algorithm controls the transmit and received powers subject to interference, power and QoS constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the effect of both SAR and EI on users in 5G network while satisfying the required QoS in terms of the data rate. Furthermore, the results reveal that both SAR and EI are tolerable and fall within the threshold set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) when compared with the ICNIRP standard.