Improving the accommodation of renewable resources by distributed energy management in a grid-connected system considering multiple demand responses

With the rapid electrification of the end-user, the controllable loads in the demand-side, such as thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and electric vehicles (EVs), will play an important role in the penetration of the renewable resources. In this work, we design a distributed control pattern to achieve the energy management by coordinating the multiple demand responses. More specifically, we formulate an optimization problem considering aggregated generation cost, discomfort level of TCLs, EV battery degradation cost and the penalty cost of the renewable curtailment. Then, based on the gradient projection method, an updated procedure is designed to achieve the individual control of each TCL and EV user in the distribution network. Typical IEEE 33-node system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the distributed method and show the benefits in improving the accommodation of renewable resources.