Optimizing Deep Neural Networks Through Neuroevolution With Stochastic Gradient Descent

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision; however, training DNNs for satisfactory performance remains challenging and suffers from sensitivity to empirical selections of an optimization algorithm for training. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is dominant in training a DNN by adjusting neural network weights to minimize the DNN’s loss function. As an alternative approach, neuroevolution is more in line with an evolutionary process and provides some key capabilities that are often unavailable in SGD, such as the heuristic black-box search strategy based on individual collaboration in neuroevolution. This article proposes a novel approach that combines the merits of both neuroevolution and SGD, enabling evolutionary search, parallel exploration, and an effective probe for optimal DNNs. A hierarchical cluster-based suppression algorithm is also developed to overcome similar weight updates among individuals for improving population diversity. We implement the proposed approach in four representative DNNs based on four publicly available data sets. The experimental results demonstrate that the four DNNs optimized by the proposed approach all outperform corresponding ones optimized by only SGD on all data sets. The performance of DNNs optimized by the proposed approach also outperforms state-of-the-art deep networks. This work also presents a meaningful attempt for pursuing artificial general intelligence.