1 BIT Fractal Hexagonal Shape Electronically Reconfigurable Transmit-array Unit Cell for 5G Communication Systems

This article presents a unit cell of an ultra-wideband electronically reconfigurable transmit-array. The proposed unit cell has a hexagon structure. The transmitter has a fractal hexagonal patch and two inverse direction diodes placed on it. Fractal shape with hexagonal combination enhances the bandwidth of the proposed element. An offset feed with a dual coupled gap ring patch is used on the receiver side. The hexagonal shape of a unit cell and active fractal patch provides stable and ultra-wide bandwidth for state 0º and state 180º. Insertion losses S21 have been minimized up to 0.7dB at 0/180 phase. 3dB transmission bandwidth reaches up to 31.39% for both states at 29GHz.