Self-Navigating Line Tracer Robot Without Microcontroller

Robotics is a fascinating and rapidly expanding field of research. It is a branch of artificial intelligence and engineering that is seeing more applications as technology advances. An autonomous mobile robot is a multi-tasking and programmable mechanical device capable of moving freely in a world with obstacles, performing various functions, and gathering information about the environment using sensors. As a result, they are often used in environments that are larger, riskier, and deeper than humans can reach due to the high risk involved. A robot is a machinery device that is typically built to minimize the time spend by human labor required in areas where it is used. It is typically created to reduce the risk of human work and to improve the comfort of any worker. Robotics have an advantage over many other similar technologies due to their high efficiency, high precision, lower labor costs, and ability to operate in hazardous environments. This research describes a line tracer or follower that will follow a black line on a plain white surface. In order to achieve this goal, we used sensors. The ATmega328 microcontroller, which serves as the robot's brain, is the main component.