VR Welding Kit: Accuracy Comparison Between Smartphone VR and Standalone VR Using RMSE

Currently, smartphone Virtual Reality (VR) has simple input methods and not able to track hand positions effectively. This limits the user's interaction in VR. This paper presents the use of multiple marker tracking methods to solve the problem while using welding as the use case study. VR Welding Kit is a VR application that uses a smartphone's camera and two external inputs: a tracked handheld controller integrated with multiple markers technique called welding torch to track user's hand position in real-time and a paper marker called welding position. VR Welding Kit simulates real-life welding training for trainees to gain basic psychomotor skills. The VR Welding Kit application is installed into two different mobile VR devices, smartphone VR and a standalone VR, for tracked handheld input accuracy comparison. 24 participants were involved in this study. Ideal welding variables of travel speed, work angle, and travel angle were used as the benchmark data. The evaluation was conducted by using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) method. The study shows that smartphone VR using multiple markers tracking method has higher accuracy than standalone VR.