Hybrid Storage System for Controlling Wind Uncertainty

The uncertainty and ramping behavior of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) are the main barriers when it comes to the deployment of such resources. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been widely deployed to sustain the above shortcomings. However, excessive utilization of BESS is not advisable since it leads to bank deterioration and replacement. This paper shows that the hybridization of a high-energy-density storage device represented by BESS and a high-power density storage device represented by Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) would fulfill the exact requirements at a much lesser cost and better performance. A multi-stage optimization model is developed and solved using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to allocate the optimal storage capacity and to operate the hybrid system considering load demand and ramp rates. Battery Health Index (BHI) and Rainflow counting algorithms are used to assess the impact of the hybridization. The study shows that the hybrid storage system remains preferable over the Stand-alone storage system in terms of cost and operation.