Power Flow Method for Distribution Grids Including DC/DC transformers

This paper presents a power flow method aimed to DC distribution grids including DC/DC transformers. Following first principles, the power transformers are modeled based on dual-active bridge (DAB) converters considering voltage and power controls. Results obtained from the developed power flow tool are validated against those furnished by the Simscape Electrical package of Simulink, demonstrating its suitable accuracy. The practicality of this novel formulation, to be used in the analysis of general DC distribution grids incorporating several series-connected DAB-based DC/DC transformers, is also demonstrated in this paper.