Design and Analysis of a DGS Based UWB Monopole Antenna for Brain Tumor Detection

A defected ground structure (DGS) based ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna is proposed for detecting human brain tumor. Here, by transforming the conventional antenna ground plane into DGS, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is significantly increased to 4.02 GHz. The operating frequency of the antenna ranges from 2.94 GHz to 6.96 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna occupies a 3-D gain of 3.93 dB and a high radiation efficiency of 93.81% within the given bandwidth. The proposed antenna is geometrically planar, having a dimension of $50\times 50\times 1.5\text{m}\text{m}^{3}$. The antenna is designed on Rogers RO3003 dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 3 and a thickness of 1.5 mm since it is flexible for high frequency applications. In addition, a six-layer human head phantom model comprising of skin, fat, bone, dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain with a tumor of 5 mm radius is proposed to evaluate the performance of the antenna in specified application maintaining the safety limit of specific absorption rate (SAR). The detection of brain tumor is assured with a drastic rise of current density and SAR compared to the normal healthy tissue. Therefore, this antenna might be used in microwave imaging based human brain tumor detection.