Synchronous Inertia Deficit: A Study on Electric Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

Synchronous inertia plays a fundamental role in the stability of electrical power systems (PS), as systems with synchronous generators manage to balance variations between generation and load with the storage of kinetic energy. The lack of this parameter might generate imbalance and instability in an electrical system. The aim of this work is to analyse a PS with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Kundur's Two-Area system is studied for four different conditions: 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of penetration of renewable sources. It is possible to verify that the lack of synchronous inertia generates a gradual instability in the presented system as synchronous generators are replaced by wind generators.