Polarization Modulation at Last Quantum Barrier for High Efficiency AlGaN-Based UV LED

The performance of AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at UVA–UVC regions can be severely compromised due to the polarization difference (ΔP) between the last quantum barrier (LQB) and the electron blocking layer (EBL). In this work, the different situations of the bandgap difference (ΔE
_g
) and ΔP of InAlN/AlGaN and AlGaN/AlGaN heterojunctions fully strained on GaN and AlN substrates are discussed. It shows that the InAlN/AlGaN heterojunctions could produce positive or negative sheet charges at the heterointerface under ΔE
_g
>0, which could not be realized by the conventional AlGaN/AlGaN heterojunctions. To demonstrate and utilize the feature, the polarization-modulated InAlN LQBs with 0.14–0.16 indium compositions of 320 nm UVB LEDs are designed and investigated. It is observed that the InAlN LQBs could replace the conventional AlGaN LQB to improve electron confinement and hole injection by affecting effective barrier heights. By modulating the LQB/EBL polarization using InAlN, the proposed UV LED has a 32% enhancement in internal quantum efficiency and lower efficiency droop (from 16.9% to 0.7%) compared with the conventional one without modulation. The operation voltage at the same current also significantly decreases. The improvement of optical output power and wall plug efficiency at 60 mA in proposed structures are near 90% and 100%, respectively. This study provides a novel and highly effective methodology for development of high efficiency UV LEDs.