Synthesis Approach of Quasi-Isotropic Dipole Arrays Based on the Vector Effective Height Formulation

This communication presents a synthesis approach of collocated, orthogonal quasi-isotropic antenna arrays of electric dipoles based on the vector effective height formulation. The proposed formulation derives the optimum tripole (3-D) as the best quasi-isotropic antenna, exhibiting “just” a null pair compared with the entire horizontal plane for the well-known turnstile antenna. Full-wave simulations and experiments confirm the theoretical results derived in both
$\theta $
- and
$\phi $
-polarizations.