Integrating Electronics with Solid Structures Using 3D Circuits

Water safety is a critical issue facing many parts of the world today, but current water quality detection methods are complicated and cumbersome. 3D printing has allowed for the integration of electronics into solid structures, creating new products that promote consumer access to sensor data. A 3D printed water bottle was built to utilize this technology by integrating sensors to test pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) of a liquid, making basic water safety testing accessible for the general public. The bottle was controlled with an Arduino Uno unit and included binary LED indicators to display a relative assessment of water quality. Values were recorded from each sensor by testing various liquids. This product was determined to be accurate in measuring water quality factors when compared to known values, and is an efficient method for users to assess water safety in a compact form.