Design Architectures of Ring-Oscillator Based Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Centimetre Wave RF Devices: An Overview

Ring-oscillator based Injection locked frequency divider is a key component of a compact phase-locked loop. It can also be used in a portable transceiver. RO-ILFD is used because of its low power consumption, high locking range and compactness. There is an inevitable trade-off amongst some performance parameters which makes designing RO-ILFD more challenging. To improve these performance parameters, many research has been conducted, mainly by modifying the design. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these design architectures and serves as a comparative study for researchers in designing RO-ILFD for centimetre wave RF applications.