A Review for Phase Change Materials in Solar Cooling Systems

One of the main shortcomings of renewable energy is its lack of ambition and independence, which prevents the use of such systems in energy production. Energy storage has therefore become an important part of renewable energy technology systems. Solar thermal systems use most Solar energy during the day. However, these systems do not have a sufficient backup of heat to continue operating in low or non-solar hours, which has a negative impact on the smooth functioning of the system, creating a load on individual elements of the system. It is therefore necessary to select and describe the thermophysical parameters of the materials, with a view to ensuring an efficient thermal storage system. The cooling system requires continuous operation, which in turn requires an efficient accumulation system using materials with high fusion heat, e.g. phase change materials (PCMs). This review contains a comprehensive assessment of the selection, methodologies, integration, improvements, and problems of suitable PCM for the operating temperature of each component, a solar cooling system that impacts its performance. The observations and findings of previous studies are being discussed in more detail. Recommendations are drawn up based on the results of the investigation and the benefits of PCMs are identified. Several types of phase change materials applied to different temperature range are reviewed and discussed, in terms of the performance and heat transfer enhancement technique.