Hydraulic Characteristics of Eco-friendly Spillways Using Numerical Simulation

To evaluate the potential impact of the construction and operation of a spillway on its downstream fish habitat, taking a reservoir project as an example, this paper uses a three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model to study the hydraulic characteristics such as discharge capacity, water surface profile, velocity distribution, pressure distribution and flip scour pit. The results show that the numerical calculation results are in good agreement with the model test. The discharge capacity of the spillway meets the design requirements. The discharge capacity of the three overflow surface holes is similar. The design of the sidewall of the spillway is reasonable and reliable. The pressure distribution of the bottom plate is reasonable. The flow velocity is symmetrically distributed as a whole, and the flow pattern is good. The water tongue flip distance maintains a certain safe distance to meet the safety requirements of fish habitat downstream. At the same time, it is suggested to take 8-11 m as the reference to the scour hole depth for the protection of downstream fish habitat during water jet.