AGC of Multi Area Multi Fuel System with Water Cycle Algorithm based 3DOF-PID Controller and Integration of PEVs

Regulating the frequency of power system by higher order degree of freedom (DOF)-PID (3DOF-PID) controller is presented in this paper. 3DOF-PID controller parameters are optimally found with water cycle algorithm (WCA) based on integral square error (ISE) performance criterion. The functioning of proposed WCA based 3DOF-PID controller is tested on multi area multi fuel system (MAMF) comprises of thermal-hydro-gas generation units in each area with a disturbance in step load of 10% (SLD) in area-1. However, the supremacy of presented WCA optimized 3DOF-PID controller performance is showcased with other soft computing algorithm based approaches that are reported in recent literature. Later, the plug-in-electric vehicles (PEVs) are incorporated with the system in area-1 to further enhance the performance. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted by laying area-1 with different loadings to demonstrate the robustness of proposed mechanism.