Geolocation Techniques in LoRaWan Networks as a Fault Tolerance Approach in GPS-Based Tracking Devices

The wide adoption of the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities involves increasing the reliability and availability of its applications when facing failures. Long-range, low-power networks are used in such applications to provide connectivity. In this context, object tracking is an important feature. Usually GPS is used for that purpose. However, a GPS failure may compromise the application. This work implements a hybrid geolocation strategy in LoRaWAN networks. The implementation is compared to a commercial tool. An environment with three commercial LoRaWAN gateways was set up to perform an evaluation. Results show errors of about 151 in the worst case, and 19 meters and best case.