Optimal Design Parameters of Exhaust Valve Spring in IC Engines Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

The exhaust valve is responsible for the engine's smooth operation. Exhaust gases are directed from the combustion chamber to the exhaust manifold via the exhaust valve. Valve springs are subjected to tensile strains as a result of gas pressure fluctuations, fluctuating loads, and elasticity loosening as the IC engine runs. Excessive valve noise and internal engine damage can be caused by weak or cracked exhaust valve springs in an IC engine. Recent Metaheuristic Algorithms, such as Sin-Cos, PSO, GPSO, Cukoo, and ABC, are utilized in this study to find the best design parameters for the exhaust valve spring while keeping the spring's deflection, shear stresses, and fatigue in mind. The PSO and Sin-Cos algorithms outperform the others in terms of speed of convergence, while the GPSO achieves a helical spring weight of 2.1N.