VCSELs for 3D Sensing and Computer Vision

This chapter briefly explains the background and differences among 3D sensing and imaging technologies, namely stereo vision, time‐of‐flight, and structured light. In the last two years, the 3D sensing products using 2D laser arrays especially in smartphones has revolutionized the VCSEL industry. The authors briefly explain 2D VCSEL arrays, their key features for sensing functions, and some of the manufacturing challenges. A few VCSEL chips used for commercial products are shown as examples. A special topic on computer vision is explained as a combination of real‐world and virtual objects for enhanced human 3D vision, in particular on augmented reality and intelligence. Finally, a brief note on 3D sensing (mobile and camera) market is presented.