Omega Deployment: Designing the Communication Roadside Infrastructure for Vehicles Ensuring Minimum QoS Levels of Connectivity During Fluctuations of the Vehicles Flow

Intelligent Transport Systems can rely on communications networks specifically designed for vehicles, which can subsidize new forms of traffic management, such as the implementation of traffic lights, roads and intelligent signs. From this perspective, this work presents the Omega Deployment, a strategy that allows to define the places of vehicle communication infrastructure deployment aiming to ensure that a given share of the fleet is always within the reach of antennas, guaranteeing a minimum level of connectivity for the network, even when facing changes in the flow of vehicles. This work discusses the Omega Deployment and proposes two strategies for its solution through the greedy paradigm and the GRASP meta-heuristic. As a baseline, the work considers the intuitive strategy to cover the most popular areas. The results demonstrate that the intuitive strategy may require up to 25% more coverage of the entire road network and that the GRASP-based strategy achieves a saving of 0.38% compared to the greedy strategy, keeping the same coverage.