Autonomy based human-vehicle interface standards for remotely operated aircraft

This paper proposes a process for developing CNS (communication, navigation, and surveillance) human-vehicle interface standards specifically adapted for ROA aircraft. It is likely that no single standard will fit all ROAs, but rather these standards must be based on vehicle autonomy. The following sections will describe operator roles and information needs based on level of autonomy. We will first discuss the implications of varying levels of vehicle autonomy and propose a framework for categorizing ROA autonomy based on Billings taxonomy. Next, we will discuss operator information needs based on Sheridan's model of supervisory control. Finally, we will briefly describe civil CNS standards, suggest a methodology for adapting those standards for ROA operations, and identify some of the issues-that may require further study.