Structural and Optical Properties Investigation of The Hybrid CZTS-MWCNT Composite Hole Transporting Material

Perovskite materials are inspiring for solar cells (PSC) with higher efficiency and low-cost. But the use of cheap, non-toxic semiconductors as hole transporting material (HTM) has been a major and consistent issue. The p-type semiconductor CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) with optical bandgap energy (1.5 eV) has been emerged as a cost effective HTM. Furthermore, the optoelectronics features of CZTS (HTM) can be tuned by incorporating multiwall carbon nanotube (MMCNT) in CZTS. This fact encouraged us to prepare hybrid HTM CZTS-MWCNT composite by mixing CZTS and MWCNT and investigate their structural and optical characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy characterizations have been performed to investigate the phase of the prepared parent materials and composites. Morphological analysis of the materials has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Absorption spectra and optical bandgap energy of the CZTS-MWCNT composites have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The current-voltage characteristics of the hybrid composites material have been measured under dark and illumination conditions by using 1.5G Solar simulator and 2400 Keithley source measurement unit.