Battery Management Systems Topologies: Applications : Implications of different voltage levels

A safe and reliable battery management system (BMS) is a key component of a functional battery storage system. This paper focusses on the hardware requirements of BMS and their related topologies. It is briefly described which general requirements must be fulfilled to design a BMS for a given application. Several applications in different voltage classes, ranging from 60 volts to 1500 volts are presented. To give a practical overview, those applications are discussed and evaluated with a systemic, technical and economic perspective of the applied topology. The designer of a BMS is provided with practical information and guidance.