Operation Paradigm for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables and Effects of Climate Change

A new paradigm of power system operation with high penetration of renewable energy resources and effects of climate change is discussed. Two useful concepts are developed: a 3-dimensional 8-state power system operation diagram and a timescale diagram of hierarchical control. The proposed operating states diagram expands the number of states compared to traditional diagrams in a systematic way incorporating modern strategies of power system operation. The application of the operating states diagram is verified using the Northeastern Blackout of 2003. The criteria of transition between operating states of the system are updated based on the information about potential extreme weather events. The proposed time-scale diagram defines three levels of hierarchical control: local, regional, and global, and demonstrates advantages the control of renewable energy resources can bring to power system operation.