Considering the Actual Settings of Different Relay Technologies in the Same Network

This chapter helps the industry professionals to consider the effect of relay technology in solving optimal relay coordination (ORC) problems. It aims to combine electromechanical, static, digital, and numerical relays in one network. The chapter also aims to explain the existing ORC model to deal with different relay technologies. It argues that the correct relay technology is optimized rather than pre‐defined by users. The pre‐defined relay type approach is more realistic because it is a network‐dependent ORC solver. The goal of satisfying selectivity constraint is to ensure that each primary protective relay has enough chance to isolate the fault occurred in its zone. The clear duplication stage is completely disabled because the realistic settings of time multiplier setting and plug setting of all the relay technologies are discrete. If all the relay technologies are known and fixed before initiating the optimizer, then the process will be easier with less problem dimension.