A Hybrid ZQ Calibration Design for High-Density Flash Memory Toggle 5.0 High-speed Interface

As market demands for cloud, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have increased, the standards such as PCI Express 5 and Toggle5.0 with high data-rate have been emerged. As the required data-rate increases, better signal integrity is required which leads to the needs for small input/output capacitance (C
IO
) and accurate impedance (R
ZQ
) matching between the transmitter and the channel impedance. In addition, the training time requirement of high-density flash memory is stringent as it consists of multiple dies in one package.