Assessment of a Bidirectional EV Charger to Participate in Frequency Regulation Markets

Four quadrant bidirectional chargers allow electric vehicle (EV) batteries to provide grid services by modulating their charge/discharge from/into the grid. These vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services are gaining much attention due to their ability to provide a range of valuable ancillary services such as frequency control ancillary service (FCAS). FCAS contingency services, which provide frequency stabilization for electricity grids in response to the under and over frequency events, are particularly attractive due to the rarity of frequency events resulting in minimal impacts on battery state of charge. This paper proposes a coordinated control method for a bidirectional EV charger to enable FCAS contingency services. Experimental results demonstrate that the bidirectional EV chargers can deliver this service in line with all grid codes.