Cascaded fuzzy PI controller for energy management and power quality enhance by an SAP filter applicable for grid/island operations

The highlight of this study is a real-time implementation of battery energy management (BEM) in a hybrid microgrid (HMig) system with variable renewable energy sources (VRESs) PV and Wind, utilizing a cascaded fuzzy plus PI controller (F+PI). These VRESs connect to the grid through a phase-locked loop (PLL), allowing grid or islanded mode synchronization via the point of common coupling (PCC). When considering current scenario circumstances, power quality and protection and energy storage systems aggravate the difficulties associated with microgrid operation and control. This HMig suggested model incorporates a battery energy storage device that a cascaded F+PI controller controls. However, an electrical load current fluctuates due to the non-linear load, so the grid current’s performance is determined by the shunt active (SAP) filter connected across the grid and non-linear load. The model is simulated using the MATLAB 2021a tool, and grid synchronization are analyzed with an OP-4510 simulator. The procure outcomes are found satisfactory, verified using its implementation on the real-time simulator device, and revealed the proposed model’s viability.