Vehicle-To-Grid: a Case Study of ATM E-Bus Depots in the City of Milan in Italy

The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility to introduce the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology in a Local Public Transport (LPT) bus service in the city of Milan in Italy. The research in focused on the bus fleet of ATM - Azienda Trasporti Milanesi - the public company that manages collective transport in the city of Milan. This work is enhanced by the rolling stock renewal campaign in course, providing an interesting future scenario, where mobility service is fully integrated with energy distribution service. The feasibility analysis is divided into two parts. The first one concerns an energy assessment comparing the energy demand and the energy available from the stationary buses in two depots managed by ATM. The second financial evaluation involves an estimate of the costs and revenues associated with energy trading during V2G service of the two depots. The analysis represents a valuable input to support the decision-making process related to the implementation of the V2G service by the transport and energy distribution companies.