Influence of carbon-based winding on maximum torque and specific torque designs of SPM machines

The article deals with optimal design of surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines with carbon-based conductors. Owing to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as low mass density, carbon-based conductors could be a break-through technology in achieving more power-dense electric machines. Authors analytically optimize machines with different winding parameters for maximum torque and specific torque taking into account both electromagnetic and thermal phenomena. The optimized machines are compared to machines with copper winding and improvements of up to 50% in torque density are obtained.