A Novel Model for Optimization of Resource Utilization in Smart Agriculture System Using IoT (SMAIoT)

Many countries have rich resources of land, rivers, groundwater, environment, and fertilizers availability. Agriculture is the main source of income for several country’s people. Since the last few decades, there are few resource shortages, such as groundwater and river water. People are unaware of the proper utilization of available valuable resources, which leads to the use of more resources for less crop production. One of the solutions of this problem is to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart framework for agriculture. In this article, we have proposed a smart agriculture framework to monitor different types of low-cost IoT sensors devices, which collects data from soil, air, water, and insects and makes appropriate decisions based on the analysis of sensors data. The novel contribution of our proposed approach is to automate tasks of irrigation, fertigation, pest detection, and pesticide spray in a scientific way with minimal farmer’s intervention in one framework. This article contains detailed implementation steps and results of the smart irrigation module of our framework.