Oil flow damage in Kraft paper 2: UV irradiation

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was used as a tool to degrade Kraft paper. Using measurements of the DP as a function of irradiation time, a theoretical model was used to predict the local value of DP in the surface layer of the paper. After characterization of their mechanical properties, selected samples were exposed to oil flows mimicking ONAN, OFAF and reclamation conditions. The presence of a surface layer of low DP led to significant surface roughening under high rates of oil flow, but no significant erosion. The findings indicate that the DP value at the surface is more critical than the average (or measured) DP in determining the extent of oil flow related damage.