B5G: Predictive Container Auto-Scaling for Cellular Evolved Packet Core

In order to maintain a satisfactory performance in the midst of rapid growth of mobile traffic, the mobile network infrastructure needs to be scaled. Thus there has been significant interest in scalability of mobile core networks and a variety of scaling solutions have been proposed that rely on horizontal scaling or vertical scaling. These solutions handle the scaling of the mobile core networks’ elements on virtual machines (which normally take at while to create) with the help of customized modules at the cost of increased overheads. Utilizing Amazon Web Services (AWS) embedded features, we present two predictive horizontal auto-scalers for containerized and non-containerized versions of EPC that scales the two versions of the EPC according to their respective CPU utilization. Additionally, we propose an efficient task assignment scheme for AWS that aims to maximize throughput and achieve fairness among competing instances. In particular, we propose two solutions: Relaxed Optimized Solution (ROS) and a Heuristic Approach (HA). Leveraging AWS environment, we implemented and evaluated the two proposed auto-scaling models based on the attachment success rate, latency, CPU usage and RAM usage. Our findings show the superiority of container-based model over VM-based model in terms of resource utilization. The obtained results for the two proposed task assignment solutions demonstrates a significant improvement both in fairness and throughput compared to other existing solutions.