A PMU-Based Method for On-Line Thévenin Equivalent Estimation

The paper proposes a technique for the on-line estimation of Thévenin equivalent (TE) which only needs the present phasor measurements. The technique is based on the wide-area measurements including voltage and current phasors of the system loads and synchronous generators, so that it can simultaneously estimate TE of the system seen from the interested buses. The technique has two main steps. In the first step, the conventional impedance matrix
$\bar{Z}_{\rm bus}$
is modified to be suitable for TE estimation. In the second step, a correction coefficient based on the sensitivity theory calculated by using two consecutive phasor measurements is applied to correct the diagonal terms of the
$\bar{Z}_{\rm bus}$
matrix. Simulation results carried on the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus test systems show that the proposed technique can accurately estimate the TE for both generation and consumption buses under any load-increase scenario. The comparison scenarios verify the superiority of the proposed technique over others.