A Perspective of Antennas for 5G and 6G

At the core of wireless devices, systems, networks, and ecosystems are their antennas and antenna arrays. To achieve the many stunning and amazing 5G and 6G promises, significant advances in antenna and antenna array technologies must be accomplished. Desirable integrated space and terrestrial network features pose a number of significant and interesting challenges for future 6G antennas and antenna arrays. There are several ways to form multiple beams from an array. Major schemes can be categorized into digital, analog, and crossover strategies. This chapter describes digital beamforming and a major crossover of much recent excitement, hybrid beamforming. High‐gain antenna arrays are even more necessary for anticipated 6G operations. Other important related THz technologies that must be developed to address 6G expectations are high power sources and highly sensitive receivers. The chapter discusses the concept of single input and multiple output and multiple input and multiple output multi‐beam antennas.