Particle Swarm Optimization Based UHF Band Rectangular Loop Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application

This paper presented a study of a rectangular loop antenna design using Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in UHF band (433 MHz) for Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) application. According to the result, it can be seen that PSO has done successfully to find the appropriate parameters of a rectangular loop antenna. The results show that the best parameters are 0.1345 m in length, 0.5939 m in width, and 0.0033 m in thickness with cutoff frequency of 433 MHz and 6.5 MHz in bandwidth. The designed has been analyzed using radiation pattern and S-parameter value. It is obtained that the maximum directivity power of the antenna is 4.835 dB when the azimuth ($\varphi$) is 90
^circ
and the elevation ($\theta$) is 306
^circ
At this condition, the VSWR value reaches about 1.0103 while the return loss is -45.7795dB.