2 YOU HAVE ZERO PRIVACY ANYWAY—GET OVER IT

Even in the late nineteenth century, people witnessed tremendous technological developments. The commercial use of telegraphy exploded in the 1860s. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Photo cameras, initially large, complex, and expensive devices that could only be operated by experts, had become portable and inexpensive. And they had also become much easier to use, allowing ordinary people to make pictures without anyone necessarily noticing. Earlier improvements in printing technology had made printing less expensive and more efficient, allowing newspapers to be more widely circulated. In particular, it made it commercially viable to print cheap, penny press newspapers that targeted a different (read: a larger, poorer, and less-educated) audience.