PART IV POLITICS

This section focuses on three topics that have been often mentioned in popular and academic analyses of politics and the digital: the rise of misinformation and disinformation, and the increasing role of technology in electoral campaigns and in collective action. These three issues have simultaneously shaped and been shaped by digital technologies and their uses. For instance, algorithmic content moderation was developed, in part, to respond to political disinformation and hate speech messages in polarized contexts; and activists have usually been innovators in the development of technological tools for social and political purposes. The imbrication of politics with the digital environment provides a window into its four distinct features: totality, duality, conflict, and indeterminacy.