Sensitivity Analysis Highlights the Importance of Accurate Head Models for Electrical Impedance Tomography Monitoring of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke

Objective:
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been proposed as a novel tool for diagnosing stroke. However, so far, the clinical feasibility is unresolved. In this study, we aim to investigate the need for accurate head modeling in EIT and how the inhomogeneities of the head contribute to the EIT measurement and affect its feasibility in monitoring the progression of a hemorrhagic stroke.
Methods:
We compared anatomically detailed six- and three-layer finite element models of a human head and computed the resulting scalp electrode potentials and the lead fields of selected electrode configurations. We visualized the resulting EIT measurement sensitivity distributions, computed the scalp electrode potentials, and examined the inverse imaging with selected cases. The effect of accurate tissue geometry and conductivity values on the EIT measurement is assessed with multiple different hemorrhagic perturbation locations and sizes.
Results:
Our results show that accurate tissue geometries and conductivity values inside the cranial cavity, especially the highly conductive cerebrospinal fluid, significantly affect EIT measurement sensitivity distribution and measured potentials.
Conclusions:
We can conclude that the three-layer head models commonly used in EIT literature cannot depict the current paths correctly in the head. Thus, our study highlights the need to consider the detailed geometry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in EIT.
Significance:
The results clearly show that the CSF should be considered in the head EIT calculations.