Nonlinear Phenomena of Graphene Surface Waves due to Carrier Density Fluctuations

Rapid fluctuations of graphene carrier density due to strongly confined surface waves and the subsequent nonlinear response are studied in this work. Initially, the influence of the carrier density on graphene chemical potential is investigated thoroughly and a properly modified FDTD algorithm is introduced to evaluate the dynamically varied graphene surface conductivity. Numerical results highlight a considerable second-order nonlinearity besides the standard third-order one.