Implementation of PMU-Based Distributed Wide Area Monitoring in Smart Grid

Determination of accurate operating states of the power system is one of the most challenging tasks due to integration of large number of solar PVs into the power system. Since these sources of energy are inertialess generations, hence may cause instability issues if highly penetrated. Hence, precise monitoring and control of such systems with higher PV penetration is a critical issue to address both in terms of the total number of PV sources in the system and the percentage of penetration. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), with their time synchronizing abilities, have made this task a bit easier. However, traditional centralized data handling architecture at control centers are becoming redundant due to various limitations such as data handling, computational constraints etc. To overcome this, a distributed PMU-PDC architecture approach is utilized in this paper. Since local PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator) in an n-area power system can run separate optimization algorithms, by combining the results of these optimization algorithms of n-area PDCs, we can get a much more accurate global consensus about the current operating state of the system. The presented work is divided into two parts. First, the analysis of power system stability is performed in terms of the total number of Photovoltaic Sources (PV) in the system and the percentage of PV penetration. Then, the accuracy of the method is tested both in terms of the number of PMUs in each area along with their channel capacities. Low-frequency oscillations have been simulated on IEEE-68 standard bus system using MATLAB, and the modes of oscillation are estimated using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm.