A W-band Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with an Injection-Locked Frequency Divider in 40-nm CMOS Process

In this paper, a W-band quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) with an injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented using 40-nm CMOS process. The QVCO is designed using a modified self-injection topology to minimize the quadrature error and phase noise. The injection-locked technique is employed in the frequency divider to achieve high frequency with low dc power consumption, and the division ratio is 3. The measured tuning range of the QVCO is from 93.3 to 97.4 GHz with a single-end output power of higher than -24 dBm. The measured average free-running phase noise of the QVCO is -80 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The overall dc power consumption of the QVCO and ILFD is 43 mW. The presented circuits are suitable for the phase-locked loop frontend.